Demography and the State
In the modern era, as the decisive economic factor—whether derived from the parents' or guardians' household or from the couple's own independent resources—has lost its traditional weight, the state has stepped in to compensate. Consequently, demography has become a matter of state concern. Indeed, demographic statistics are tracked at the level of the state, rather than along national, religious, or other lines. Furthermore, the state attempts to influence demographic trends through public incentives designed to encourage family formation and, specifically, the birth rate. This state intervention has, in effect, displaced the personal or familial material foundation—the basis for a new home—as well as the individual desire for offspring. Looking back at European history, the formation of a marriage required a basic subsistence level, encompassing both income and secure housing. This was typically drawn from mandatory dowries and personal savings. It was also significant ...