The child as a market commodity

  In our society, single people without children are increasingly viewed less favorably, even though creating an "ideal-typical" family (partners plus a child) is supposed to be a matter of personal freedom and right, not a duty. In many societies (including the USA), unemployed single people lack social protection, or may even remain unemployed precisely because they are single and/or childless. Yet, nowhere is it officially stated that marriage and parenthood are required criteria for employment.

An offspring—or child—is essentially a genetic blend of their biological parents and a form of continuation of their lives; this, in turn, is fundamentally a continuation of their genetic material, thereby ensuring the persistence of that material. Of course, such a conceptualization sounds very dry, if not downright brutal.

Since parents care for a child during their formative years, children or offspring are expected to care for their parents in times of incapacity and/or old age. Indeed, this has historically been a primary reason why most people chose to have children.

These are the "ideal-typical" characteristics of having offspring at the individual level—until so-called state and national interests intervene. At that point, the private sphere transforms into the public one, and the child acquires a market value determined by the nation's birth rate or fertility level.

The expansion or growth of the human population depends on several factors, such as benefits for parents, childcare and schooling, and other subsidies—for instance, assistance in obtaining housing. Perspectives on childbearing range from viewing the child as a hindrance—due to maternity and sick leave—to actively encouraging individuals and couples to have children because of their contribution to the nation's population size.

In general, the global human population is growing; it has already increased by nearly 50 million this year alone, surpassing 8.3 billion. However, a problem arises because this population growth is not uniform across all nations. Some—such as San Marino, the Marshall Islands, and the Cook Islands—experience the sharpest annual population declines, while the Central African Republic, Syria, and Somalia record the highest annual population growth. Naturally, this growth or decline is influenced by factors such as armed conflict, poverty, and government programs or subsidies. Some governments worry when birth rates are too low or observe a deficit of citizens, implying that their nation is failing to replenish itself. Others, however, are not particularly concerned about this issue; they often leave birth rates to Mother Nature. In such countries, government subsidies for child protection are rarely found, which undermines the "market value" of children—or renders it non-existent.

The child and their protection are often subject to market forces of supply and demand. As the number of children rises, their "price" and the level of protection afforded to them tend to fall. Conversely, a shortage of children triggers greater protection and even state subsidies for children and their parents. In societies and nations with low birth rates and shrinking populations, the individual, intimate desire for a child or offspring—and for the continuation or transmission of one’s genetic material—can also become a matter of state or national interest regarding the preservation or even expansion of the nation.

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